In use-of-force terminology, OC corresponds to which level of resistance?

• A. Active physical resistance
• B. Aggressive physical resistance
• C. Passive resistance
• D. Verbal resistance

Answer: (B)

OC refers to pepper spray, a chemical irritant used as a less‑lethal option. In the use‑of‑force framework, this is applied when the subject is displaying aggressive physical resistance—actively trying to assault, grab, or overpower an officer. The spray delivers rapid irritation to the eyes, throat, and mucous membranes, causing coughing, choking sensations, and temporary discomfort that disrupts the aggressive behavior. This creates a window to gain control safely and move toward a lower‑risk outcome.

It's not used for verbal commands or for passive resistance, where there isn't active aggression, and it's typically reserved for situations where the resistance has escalated to a level that requires a swifter, more incapacitating intervention than empty‑hand techniques alone.